Indian Navy Mission Dakshin Dhruv 2006

• The Indian Naval ensign first flew in Antarctica in 1981. 
• The Indian Navy succeeded in Mission Dakshin Dhruv 2006 by traversing to the South Pole on skis. 
• With this historic expedition, they have set the record for being the first military team to have successfully completed a ski traverse to the Geographic South Pole. 
• Also, three of the ten member team – the expedition leader – Cdr. Satyabrata Dam, leading medical assistants Rakesh Kumar and Vikas Kumar are now amongst the few people in the world to have visited the two poles and summited Mt. Everest. 
• Indian Navy became the first organisation to reach the poles and Mt.Everest.

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

• Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh means natioal volunteer organization or nationl Patriotic orgnization.
• It is a charitable, educational, right wing, volunteer Hindu nationalist group.
• RSS states that it's ideology is based on the principle of selfless service to nation.
• It was in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar.

Tebhaga movement - Bengal

• The Tebhaga movement was an independence campaign initiated in Bengal by the Kisan Sabha in 1946-1947. At that time share-cropping peasants  had to give half of their harvest to the owners of the land. The demand of the Tebhaga (sharing by thirds) movement was to reduce the share given to landlords to one third.
• In many areas the agitations turned violent, and landlords fled villages leaving parts of the countryside in the hands of Kisan Sabha.
• As a response to the agitations, the then Muslim League ministry in the province launched the Bargadari Act, which provided that the share of the harvest given to the landlords would be limited to one third of the total. But the law was not fully implemented.

Gurmukhi script

• Gurmukhi is the most common script used for writing the Punjabi language in India. An Abugida derived from the Laṇḍā script and ultimately descended from Brahmi.

• Gurmukhi was standardised by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad, in the 16th century. 

• The whole of the Guru Granth Sahib's 1430 pages are written in this script. 

• The name Gurmukhi is derived from the Old Punjabi term "gurumukhī", meaning "from the mouth of the Guru".

• Gurmukhi is primarily used in the Punjab state of India where it is the sole official script for all official and judicial purposes. 

• The script is also widely used in the Indian states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and the national capital of Delhi, with Punjabi being one of the official languages in these states.

Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes

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Detroit of India - Chennai (Tamil Nadu)

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South Africa - Rainbow Nation:

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Hot- spots of Biodiversity in INDIA

Biodiversity hotspot

• A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction.
• An area is designated as a hot spot when it contains at least 0.5% of plant species as endemic.
• There are 25 such hot spots of biodiversity on a global level, out of which two are present in India.

These are: